Saturday, 9 January 2021

Technology and ELT - David Crystal's Views on English Language Teaching

Hello Readers !

Language learning has become easy after the invention of mobile phones, email services, SMS services and internet service. When it comes to English language, technology has helped a lot in terms of language learning. The means of communication have now dramatically changed. Many educators, theorists and linguists have advocated the technology as a good tool for language learning. David Crystal is one of them. He has emphasized on English language learning through technology.

David Crystal

In this blog task, three videos of David Crystal are embedded and a brief writeup about the three videos are written. Lets know what he has said about language learning and teaching. Click here to be redirected on blog of Dr. Dilip Barad from which this task is taken as question.

Video 1. David Crystal - The Effect of New Technologies on English


The introduction of technology at first place is thought as a disaster and also thought as it can harm the human communication. Crystal gives the example of the invention of telephone, television and broadcasting media, commentaries on sports. . . And consistently he argues that all these mediums are much helpful in language learning, especially English language.

Internet, WWW came in 1990s and 1991. All this has increased our learning abilities and knowability. Facebook. Twitter, YouTube, Blogger and many such Web 2.0 tools have developed a new style of English language learning.

Crystal quotes here that : Notice that the technologies influence the language in quite specific ways. The most obvious example are Short Messaging Services (SMS), and tweeting.

Crystal generalizes the point by making an argument about Tweeter that is given 140 characters and we have to write something to the web, in public tweets. He says: Every internet domain you're dealing with influences the way in which you use language, sometimes in quite specific ways. But it isn't yet possible to predict the future.

Video 2. David Crystal - The Biggest Challenges for Teachers


This is the second part of Crystal's interview. In this video Crystal talks about the challenges for teachers. He says,
The biggest challenge is without a doubt to keep a pace with language change.

Language is changing so fast and it has two reasons, 1. The internet.
Teachers are less familiar with the current generation and the new words introduced on web almost daily, so its difficult to keep pace. 2. Globalization of English. Accents and dialects of English language is different from country to country. Indian English, American, British English and so on.

Listening to different English accents tunes the ears and makes us adaptive to that accent. According to Crystal, translation and language teaching are the two most difficult jobs in the world. He also gives good fact that three quarters of the world's population is bilingual.

Teachers' salary scale also should be increased. With the use of technology, this language and accent barrier can be removed.

Video 3. David Crystal on Texting (S1E2 of It's Only a Theory)


The third video is about a show titled "It's Only a Theory". It seems that the show is designed to interact with various theorists so that the difficult theories and complex ideas can be shared with people in simple and humorous ways. Panel of three questions some points of David Crystals and he answers satisfactorily.

Key Points from video : Texting can be helpful in English language learning. Crystal's theory is texting is good for the English language. Four myths about texting are debunked by Crystal that 1. Texting is done by kids only, 2. Kids fill their text messages entirely with abbreviations, 3. The abbreviation used in text messages are invented by kids, and abbreviation is a modern thing 4. Letters are being outdated, kids don't know how to spell. 5. Because they don't know how to spell, kids are putting those abbreviations in their essays at school.

Crystal says in the show that: Everybody would agree that literacy is important, learning to read and write. And everybody I think agrees that the best way of learning to read and write is to get practice in it. The more you read the more you write better. Along comes a phenomenon, a technology which gives you stunning opportunities to practice reading and writing.

On showing the example of abbreviated message on screen, Crystal admits that there are downsides of texting also. He agrees that texting can become an addiction and it has been recognized also.

When Andy, the host of the show raises the question that texting has made people less punctual in terms of following time schedule, Crystal also finds a gap here and he agrees that the question is worth noticing. But it doesn't affect the language learning part.

Thank You!

Technology in Education and ELT - Video Takeaways

Hello Readers!

In this blog we will see what are the key important videos about education and technology. A brief summary or points are also mentioned about what speakers want to say in the video.

Here is the key question to answer in this blog.
Q. Summarize thoughts expressed by the speakers in the videos. What is the main message that you take into consideration in context of Technology in Education (in general) and ELT (in particular)?

Click here to be redirected to Dr. Dilip Barad's blog post from where this blog is written as a response.

Sugata Mitra, Marc Prenskey, Sir Ken Robinson, Salman Khan and David Crystal are very notable names among the folks who really think about teaching and learning. Some of them are computer programmers and some of them are educationalists. But they all think about one thing in common that is education system and learning process. Let's watch their videos and get each of their ideas.

Sri Ken Robinson

Video 1. Sir Ken Robinson: Changing Education Paradigm


Key Points: Sir Ken Robinson talks about the education reformation happening in several countries. He says that there are two reason for the need of reforming education. Economic and Cultural. Children who are now being educated need to establish themselves in the economy of the country. Children will have to have knowledge of cultural identities and interaction with communities in future. This can happen only when we look at how do we pass on our cultural genes to the succeeding generation. The idea of following stereotype system in education seems very irrelevant to kids nowadays.

Sugata Mitra

Video 2. Sugata Mitra: School in the cloud- SOLE


Key Points: 

Video 3. Sugata Mitra: Future of Learning


Key Points: The future of learning will be self paced, self controlled and self directed. Self learning will be the prime focus of ICT tools. Sugata Mitra has done remarkable experiment called "Hole in the Wall" and made his firm argument that learning can happen without teachers also. According to him admiration leads children to learn more. Elders just have to encourage the children to make them learn more.

Salman Khan

Video 4. Salman Khan: Let's use video to reinvent education


Key Points: Video is the most interactive audio visual medium of lerning. Sal Khan explains how he made simple start up with Khan Academy. The video version of lectures are straightforward and playable and pause able at any time. Learners can watch a single video as many time required and learn near to 100%. Sal Khan initially made videos on YouTube to teach his cousins but now his videos on Maths, Science, Business learning and so on are widely watched throughout the world.

Marc Prenskey

Video 5. Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants - Marc Prensky


Key Points: Marc Prensky points out two major terms: Digital Natives and Digial Immigrants. According to him the generation born before the arrival of TV, multimedia and internet are called digital immigrants. These digital immigrants have learnt many things later on in their lives either from their kids or students. 

"Our students have changed radically. Today’s students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach." Prensky

Prensky also quotes in his paper that Digital Natives are the speakers of the language of digital tools. If we see this in a loose form, we speak many words related to digital world like, 'download', 'upload', 'browsing, 'print', 'link'. . . etc.

"What should we call these “new” students of today? Some refer to them as the N-[for Net]-gen or D-[for digital]-gen. But the most useful designation I have found for them is Digital Natives. Our students today are all “native speakers” of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet." Prensky

Those of us who were not born into the digital world but have, at some later point in our lives, become fascinated by and adopted many or most aspects of the new technology are, and always will be compared to them, Digital Immigrants. - Prensky

Digital Natives have different thinking pattern than that of the Digital Immigrants. Natives think with two or more ideas parallelly and they can do multitasking.
 
David Crystal

For the videos of David Crystal's views about use of language and technology, please click on the title here - Technology and ELT - David Crystal's Views on English Language Teaching

On the whole. . .

If we take the core and general idea of these videos, then, the main recurrent voice comes from them is this. Education system needs several changes in terms of testing and evaluation, in terms of teaching pedagogy. ICT tools, Web 2.0 tools must be included in the classroom teaching. This makes learning more effective, engaging and more productive. Moreover, it increases the results and grades very significantly. The better learners will create better society and make better economy.

While English Language Teaching - ELT is concerned, ICT and Web 2.0 tools are necessary to enhance the English basic skills LSRW. Watching videos increases the practice of listening. . .
Further this particular ELT aspect is explored in detail in the blog given below. Click on the link.

End of Post
---------------

References:

Prensky, Marc. "Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1." On the Horizon,
vol. 9, no. 5, 2001, pp. 1-6.

Images are taken from:


Sir Ken Robinson By Sebastiaan ter Burg - Flickr: Sir Ken Robinson @ The Creative Company Conference, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80694632


David Crystal By Eino81 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61362657


Thank You!

Wednesday, 6 January 2021

Can Technology Replace Teachers ? - Stream of Ideas and Thoughts

Hello Readers!

Let's begin this first blog of 2021 with few very relevant and timely quotes.

“Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.”― Benjamin Franklin

Technology will never replace great teachers, but technology in the hands of great teachers is transformational. - George Couros

https://twitter.com/AdamGeisen/status/940259404124958721?s=19

Human being as a social animal lives various lives in one body. Human has to play lot many roles like social: father, mother, son, daughter, husband, wife. . . and as a professional: seller, buyer, sales person, receptionist, tour guide, photographer, engineer, psychiatrist, teacher. . .

Let us do a brain churning in this blog, and let's see how far we can think about the parallels of human beings and technology and then education and technology.

It is nearly impossible to live life without technology. For the purpose of communication, telegram was the newly introduced tool decreasing the value of post cards and letters. Computer and internet came to humans as devoted and timely assistants to do faster and safer communication. Email services made a drastic change in it. Telephones, and then cordless intercoms and then smartphones made revolutionary changes in our modes of communications. The latest of this is instant messaging like WhatsApp and other quick chat apps. 

For transportation, we use several vehicles. For industrial purpose we have steam engine, power looms, and many machines which increase the production overnight. In the field of agriculture we have tractors, thrashers, sprayer and so on.

In short we just have to ask one question: Where is the absence of technology ? Which is the field which has no integration of technology ? The answer is self explanatory.

What differs technology from humans?
Unlike human beings, technology is not a social animal. It has no animal instincts like hunger, thirst, sleep and reproduction. Technology has nothing to do with cultural celebrations and religious festivals. It keeps on working until we humans switch it off. That too when humans get "tired of working". Technology never gets tired.

But why technology has become most important ?
Humans tend to make margin errors. Human mistakes reduce the rate of production, and less production leads to less profit. Nowadays we see that industries have very less amount of human employees and most of the work is done by robotics hands and machines. Industries like glass articles, wooden factories have machines for turning shredding, cutting and sawing. Factories of several goods run 24 hours without a break.

Human beings demand social and emotional needs to be satisfied. Humans have to sleep and eat.

If every job will be taken by technology then what humans will do ?
There are several scopes in human life that humans can explore and think beyond the boundaries. One of such field is creativity and innovation. Arts and humanities is not only a branch of study but also a golden key to ponder upon such thoughtful and worth noting areas which are still not come to light completely. 

Let's talk Education.

As we have covered several fields in which technology is widely used now it is right time to think about education in terms of technology. There are several arguments and theories around a very pertinent and poignant question :

* Can technology replace teachers?

It is not so novel and untouched question among academicians and educators. Education, when it stands aside from corporate sector and industries, it is a service sector. Traditional knowledge system of Ashram is now replaced with schools and colleges. Guru (Teacher in ancient Ashram ideology) used to teach their disciples (Students) having the responsibility of teaching several Vidhyas (knowledges, subjects) to students. This was the time of servitude. And as humanitarian approach, education is still considered as service sector. But in today's era of information and technology, education is also shaking hands with technology. Not whole heartedly but still with a grin weird smile on face. (If I personify the thought !!!)

There can be no direct answer to this question such as "Yes" and "No". All we can do is just think about the probabilities and possibilities. If we think of the answer as "No", then there are several thoughts which come to mind immediately and below links come to support this thinking. But as such this "No" can be falsified also.

What happens when we introduce machines and technology in education?
COVID19 corona pandemic has taught entire education system the importance of technology. Technology was already having tools of remote communications which are widely used nowadays to teach and learn online. Students are using desktops or laptops, smartphones to attend online classes. Teachers are using the same tools to teach online. No students come to structured traditional class and then too, learning happens. Students and teachers are hundreds of kilometers away from one another, staying at home, then too, teaching learning happens. We are living in such time where many things have become faceless. Banking has become paperless and faceless. Attendance in an online class also is partially faceless. Food delivery is also becoming faceless. In terms of education if we think, students lack personal physical touch which enhances internal emotional intelligence.

What does technology do with teachers and students?
It teaches humans to make less mistakes, to be more active and to give no excuses. Precision and accuracy are the words which technology teaches us. When one works with technology, several human qualities like honesty, accountability and responsibility are tested. There are several online services which captures the plagiarism in research papers and articles. Yes, technology also helps us to be a good civilians and makes us practice ethics also.

What if robots take place of teachers?
Whenever we think of the idea about introducing something which is related to technology, it is always welcomed by power and management. Machines are easy to handle than human beings. A teacher may talk about the things which are not relevant to the current subject under discussion and may divert students' attention from the key points to another ones. Robots don't take any digression. Whichever data is fed to robots they will teach to the point and give all the way straight forward lectures to students. Robots are highly precise in time. All robo teachers can have tight scheduling of time and dates and lectures. No clash of ego comes to interfere in teaching process when robot becomes teacher. If a class of 12th standard requires 10 teachers, management may make a choice of having more than 5 robo teachers out of 10. Otherwise 8 robots and 2 human teacher and so on. On a larger structure it also saves time and money and generates net profit which has very less depreciation.

If robots become teachers, what human teacher will do?
Human teacher still has many things to do. Human teacher has to be there when student requires any guidance about how to use various digital tools. As mentioned earlier that human qualities like accountability and honesty is to be tested, human teachers should be there to teach students those values because after all, all of human's efforts and education is there to become good human beings, good citizens, having correct vision of living life. May be the future generations will require more parental guidance and teacher's guidance in terms of fair use of technology. And fair use can only be taught when technology is fairly practiced by teachers and parents at first place. So, technology comes to us to teach human qualities, which are somewhere forgotten in today's materialistic money minded world.

Teachers and parents are almost playing equal and important roles in a student's life. Education without technology is not at all acceptable idea in 21st century. We have to walk on the path of technology and then enhance the student's skills and confidence. Future teachers will require very deep knowledge of psychology, philosophy, social and political sciences, literatures, films, documentaries and humanities. Shallowness and half complete knowledge will be of no use for teachers. Future generations will have more and more anxieties and mood swings and state of depression and many mental casualties. In such situation teachers can be the best counsellors after parents for students.

Indeed this is the best ever opportunity to empower teachers as well as students to be future ready, befriending technology at hand and walking towards the better future of tomorrow. There is one important thing to be remembered: if we will make the right choices today, we will be able to create better opportunities for tomorrow's generation.

Here are some points taken from the video mentioned below.

* Advertisements
1. Internet Baby
The advancement of technology and how young generation is readily accepting all new ICT gadgets right from childhood. Yet this video and ad is made with humor but yet it has very important message. The message is be future ready and welcome new changes in terms of technology.

2. Education for all - Idea cellular network
This ad shows how mobile phone and cellular network can be used in remote learning. Breaking the bounds of physical classroom. Provided villages and rural areas are equipped with proper connectivity of internet.

* Last video Satyamev Jayate
In this ad it is shown here that how internet and a useful tool of google Chrome can be helpful in sorting out the burning issues. Several government schemes are now coming for help and we just have to take benefit of it from proper guidance with the use of internet. Technology can encourage humans to remain morally and ethically transparent in terms of governance. It can sharpen our civic sense also.

These are just thoughts and ideas which, in future, may become very significant to ponder upon. And who knows this blog will be considered in future as worth reading post for educators !

Thank You!